Quick answer
Lead-safe rules focus on disturbing painted surfaces, not simply applying a new coat. Pre-1978 projects should be evaluated before sanding, scraping, demolition, or repair begins.
Why age matters
Lead-based paint was used in many older homes before federal residential restrictions took effect in 1978.
The paint may be under newer layers and can become hazardous dust or chips when disturbed.
Activities that disturb paint
Sanding, scraping, window replacement, demolition, drilling, cutting, drywall repair, and aggressive preparation can release dust.
Ordinary painting over a sound surface is different from renovation that disturbs the coating.
Certified firms and work practices
EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting rule applies to many paid renovation activities in qualifying homes and child-occupied facilities.
Containment, cleaning verification, worker training, and required notices are part of the rule when it applies.
Questions for the estimate
Ask how the property age was considered, whether testing is planned, who is certified, what will be disturbed, and how the work area will be contained and cleaned.
Do not rely on a visual guess about whether old paint contains lead.
Homeowner comparison checklist
- Confirm year built
- Identify all disturbed painted surfaces
- Ask about EPA firm and renovator certification
- Discuss testing and assumptions
- Review containment and cleaning plan
- Keep children and pets away from work areas
Frequently asked questions
Does every pre-1978 home have lead paint?
No, but the age creates a meaningful possibility. Testing or lead-safe assumptions may be appropriate depending on the work.
Can lead paint be painted over?
Encapsulation or coating may be an option for sound surfaces, but it does not remove the lead and may not address friction, impact, moisture, or failing paint.
Are homeowners exempt from all lead rules?
Rules vary by who performs the work, the property, and the activity. Homeowners should review current EPA guidance and use qualified professionals when required.
Helpful official resources
These sources provide additional information relevant to the topic.